The Google Webmaster console now lets you see most, and not all, from the back links in your web page. Matt Cutts that is the Google guru on back links and SEO has acknowledged that The search engines do not show 100% of the back-links but implies that how many links who’s does show is supposed to grow over the next almost a year. That may be about as specific while he gets.
If you try to your Google Webmaster console you’ll probably see more links for a site, maybe possibly 10 times more links, then you’ll see with the link: command on the Google search page. Again, no real explanation of why that is so.
You can even download your Google backlinks in a really nice CSV format in order to slice and dice them by any means.
Perhaps the most important little bit of information that we get from Matt Cutts on his blog is even if the thing is a back link from Google that does not mean that back link is carrying any weight with Google. He emphasized that reason for bold letters two separate times but failed to give you a scintilla of information of why some backlinks carry weight with Google plus some do not.
It can be unfortunate that Matt Cutts failed to explain much more about the worthiness of an inbound link because even a straightforward explanation would possibly save the majority of us hours and hours of your energy and not an inconsiderable amount of cash if we knew ahead of time if we would be wasting our efforts with any particular aspect of our inbound links strategy.